Reed-organ.



No. 787,056. PATENTED APR, 11, 1905'.

D. SGHUSTEK.

REED ORGAN.

APP'LIGATION FILED JAN. 2, 1902.

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No. 787,056. PATENTED APR. 11, 1905. D. SGHUSTEK.

REED ORGAN.

APPLICATION P'ILED JAN. 2, 1902.

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PATENTED APR. 11, 1905.

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REED ORGAN.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1902 PATENTED APR. 11, 1905.

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REED ORGAN.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 2, 1902.

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REED ORGAN.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1902.

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No. 787,056- PATENTBD APR. 11, 1905.

D. SGHUSTEK.

' REED ORGAN.

APPLIOATION FILED mu. 2, 1902.

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No. 787,056. PATENTED APR. 11, 1905. D. SGHUSTEK.

REED ORGAN.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1902.

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UNITED STATES Patented April 11, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL SCl-IUSTEK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HERBERT L. ANDREWS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

REED-ORGAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 787,056, dated April 11, 1905.

Application filed January 2, 1902. Serial No. 88,212.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 'I, DANIEL SCHUSTEK, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reed-Organs, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in reedorgans, and among the salient objects of the invention are to provide an improved construction and arrangement of the key mech anism, whereby the movement of the key is transmitted to the pallet or reed-controlling valve in the most direct and simple manner and the key-action is rendered extremely light and quick; to provide improvements in the detail of construction and mountings of the reed-controlling pallets, rendering the latter both economical of construction, convenient of access, and easily assembled; to provide improvements in the details of construction and arrangement of the wind-chest and passages controlled by the reeds; to provide improvements in the construction and arrangement of the valves which control the various sets of reeds and in the mechanism operating and controlling said valves; to provide an improved mechanism for actuating both the octave coupler mechanism and one or more sets of reeds through the same lever mechanism; to provide an improved construction of coupler mechanism; to provide an improved swell mechanism, whereby certain parts of the easing of the organ are opened or closed to increase or reduce the volume of sound; to provide an improved construction and relative arrangement of the wind-chest and exhaustbellows; to provide improvements in the construction and arrangement of the organ-casing and supports therefor, whereby the instrument may be collapsed to render it more portable; to provide an improved construction and arrangement of the top casing of the organ, which enables the latter to be used as a musicrest when the organ is open, and in general to provide simple and improved details of construction in an instrument of the character referred to, contributing to the general eiiiciency, economy of manufacture, durability,

and simplicity of the mechanism.

To the above ends the invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and more particularly set forth in the appended claims, and the invention will be readily understood from the following description, reference be ing had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portable embodiment of my invention, shown closed and collapsed. Fig. 2 is a similar perspective showing the organ in operative position and open. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view through the organ mechanism and easing thereof. taken proximately on line 3 3 of Fig. 5. Fig. 4: is a fragmentary view similar to that of Fig. 3, but taken on line 4: 4; of said Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation mechanism with the back casing removed. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the mechanism with the front casing removed. Fig. 7 is a view in front elevation of the upper portion of the mechanism, taken on the indirect line 7 7 of Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the keyboard and connected parts. Fig. 9 is likewise a plan view of the keyboard with certain parts broken away to expose the arrangement of the mechanism beneath the keys. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the organ-casing, the upper part of the latter being shown open and with the principal mechanism removed from the casing, so as to show more clearly the arrangement of certain mechanism operated by the knee-levers. Fig. 11 is a detail elevation of one of the pallets and its support, parts of the support being broken away to ex pose the arrangement of the pallet-spring. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the part shown in Fig. 11, a portion of the pallet-supporting bar being shown in transverse section. Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a bottom elevation of the wind-chest and crank-bars mounted thereon. Fig. 15 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 15 15 of Fig. 10 and looking downwardly. Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 16 16 of Fig. 2 and showing the construction and arrangement of the latch mechanism.

In the present instance I have shown my invention as embodied in what I term a vertieal arrangement of bellows and wind-chest; but many of the leading features of the invention are equally adapted for embodiment in a horizontal arrangement of these parts. It will also appear from the description now to follow that certain features of the invention and, in fact, most of the important features are capable of embodiment with but slight adaptation in a horizontal type of organ and either in an organ of the collapsible portable type or in the more usual form com monly known as cottage-organ. The following description, therefore, is to be understood as illustrative so far as generic features of the invention are concerned.

Referring to drawings, 1 designates as a whole a suitable casing consisting in the pressent instance of an approximately rectangular box-like structure havingfixed front, back, and end walls, designated 2 3 4, respectively, and a removable top wall 5, which is hinged to the main part of the casing in such manner as to be capable of opening upwardly into the position shown in Fig. 2. Upon each end of the exterior of the casing are formed a pair of parallel ways or grooves, as 6 6, these being conveniently formed by means of ornamental cleats or ribs 7, applied to the end walls, and within these ways are arranged to reciprocate end frame-standards 8. 1n the present instance these frame-standards are of ornamental skeleton construction, each side of each member having two points of engagement with the way within which it reciprocates, as indicated at 9 and 10, so as to insure its moving accurately and smoothly within the way. At their lower ends the two standards 8 8 are rigidly united with a base-frame 11, which serves as a support upon which are mounted the pedals 12. The connections between the ends of the pedals and the organbellows are in the form of flexible cables or the like, as indicated at 13, so as to not interfere with the collapsing of the case, and suitable means are provided for securing the standards in adjusted position within their respective ways, such means conveniently taking the form of a spring-pressed latch 14, (see detail, Fig. 16,) adapted to engage suitable recesses 14 in the overlying cross members of the standards. Handles are provided for carryingtheinstrument, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Describing now the mechanism of the organ, and referring. more particularly to Fig. 8, 15 designates a longitudinally-extending partition arranged to extend obliquely upwardly and inclined forwardly from a point near the rear wall at the lower end of the easing to a point near but some distance below the top wall of the organ, and to extend from end to end of the casing, and being made rigid with two end plates 15. The partition 15 forms one side of the equalizing-chainber 16 of the bellows To the upper edge of the member 15 is flexibly united the intermediate vibratingmember 17 of the bellows, this memher being nearly the full length of the interior of the casing and united with the partition 15 by means of the usual flexible marginal bellows-walls. One or more expansion V-springs, as indicated at 18, are interposed between the rigid member 15 and intermediate wall 17, so as to normally force said members apart. To the lower margin of the intermediate member 17 are flexibly united two front bellows-wall members, as 19 and 20, (see Fig. 6,) each being of a length somewhat less than one-half the length of the entire bellows. The margins of the members 19 and 20, with the exception of the hinged lower margins, are united with the intermediate member 17 around their margins by the usual extensible bellows-walls, so as to form two complete and independently-operable bellowschambers 21 intervening between the members 19 and 20 and the intermediate member 17.

Springs are provided tending to normally collapse the outer bellows-chambers 21. Conveniently, said springs are in the form of leafsprings, as indicated at 22 and 23, which are seated at their lower ends in U-shaped castings 2 1, rigidly mounted upon the lower margin of the intermediate member 17, these castings being so constructed as to form a convenient means of uniting and supporting the lower edges of the members 17 and 19 and 17 and 20, as well as forming a suitable support within which to mount the springs 22 and 23. In the preferred construction shown herein one arm, as 25, of each of said U-shaped castings is arranged to stand at a slight distance away from the proximate side of the relatively movable bellows member 19 or 20, and the spring isinterposed between the arm and the bellows member and secured at its extreme lower end in a suitable socket formed through the lower part of the U-shaped casting, as clearly indicated at 26 in Fig. 3. The spring is bowed, so as to tend to force the bellows member upon which it acts inwardly against the cooperating intermediate member. The two members 19 and 20, which form the outer walls of what are commonly termed the feederbellows, are actuated from the respective pedals by means of cables, as 27, connected with the pedals and extending up over suitable pulleys 28 mounted upon the front casing and thence extending to and connected with blocks 29, mounted upon their respective bellows members, as shown clearly in the drawings.

The bellows herein described are of the exhaust type, and the valves thereof are of the usual construction, a series of exhaustopenings being formed through the outer members 19 and 20, as indicated at 29 and 30, respectively, which exhaust-ports are covered by impervious valve-strips 31 31, and similarly exhaust-ports 32 extend through the intermediate member 17 into each of the feeder-bellows, these ports being also controlled by valve-strips 33. The equalizing-chamber 16 of the bellows is in communication with the wind-chest (designated 34) through a series of ports 35, 36, and 37, (see Fig. 5,) respectively cont-rolled by valves 38, 39, and 40, which for convenience of description will be hereinafter designated as mute-valves.

Describing now the construction and arrangement of the Wind-chest and reed-cells, it is to be particularly noted that these devices are mounted directly upon the stationary member of the bellows, which member, it is also to be noted, becomes, by reason of the reed-cells being mounted directly thereon, in effect, a sounding-board, which contributes materially to the volume of tone of the instrument.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the wind-chest 34 comprises an elongated chamber extending across substantially the full width of the organ, conveniently of rectangular form in cross-section and formed by means of parallel side members 41 42 and an outer wall member 43, one side of said wind-chest being formed by the member 15, upon which the wind chest is built. The wind-chest is in the present instance subdivided by transverse partitions 44 and 45 (see Fig. 5) into three compartments, within which the mute valves 38, 39, and 40 are respectively located. 1n the present instance there are two sets of reeds, and accordingly the reed-cells of one set of reeds are arranged to communicate with the central compartment, containing the mute valve 39, while the other set of reed-cells have communication with both of the end compartments, containing the mute valves 38 and 40. To. this end the reedcells are arranged in two series or rows side by side or superposed with relation to the sound-board 15, upon which they are mounted, one set of cells-in the present instance the cells of the melodia-reeds, (designated 46)-being arranged to communicate with a transversely-extending passage 47, common to all of the cells of that set, and the other set of cells (designated 48) being arranged to communicate with a similar passage 49. In order to place the passages 47 and 49 in communication with the end compartments and central compartment of the wind-chest, respectively, a partition member 50is arranged to separate the said passages, and this partition at its lower end is united with the upper side wall 42 of the wind-chest at a point intermediate the width or height of said wall. At each end ports, as 51, are formed through the partition 42 above or outside of the partition 50, so as to place the passage 47 in communication with the end compartments of the wind-chest at each end, While a similar port 51 is formed through the lower part of the partition 42 at the center of the latter, thereby placing the passage 49 in communication with the central chamber of the wind-chest. The outer or upper edges of the outer walls 52 53 and intervening partition 54 are arranged to terminate in the same plane, which plane is in the present instance substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the reed-cells and is inclined slightly downwardly and rearwardly with reference to. the horizontal. The reeds, the respective sets of which are designated 55 and 56, are, as usual, set to extend longitudinally of the reed-cells and to form the division between the respective cells and the airpassages communicating. therewith, so that the draft of air is compelled to pass through the reed-openings in the usual manner.

Describing now the construction and mountings of the valve-pallets which control the several reed cells, 57 designates a pallet-supporting bar which is desirably and as herein shown constructed in the form of a peculiarlyshaped longitudinally-grooved strip and is rigidly secured against a base-strip 58. which is in turn mounted upon the sounding-board 15. Referring more particularly to Figs. 3 and 11, 12, and 13, the pallets 59 are shown as arranged in a series side by side, each being arranged to control the mouth or receiving end of two reed-cells arranged side by side or in alinement with the length of the pallet. The base end of each pallet is fulcrumed at the lower edge of the filling-strip, hereinafter described, located within a groove 60, formed in the pallet-supporting bar, said groove being so formed that the ledge on its upper side overhangs said filling-strip and the ends of the pallets, while the opposite side is cut away or formed obliquely, as indicated at 61, so as to permit the pallet to oscillate upon the fulcrum formed by the angle at the juncture of the upper side 62 of the pallet with the lower edge 63 of the filling-strip, as shown clearly in Fig. 12. In order to guide the pallet and retain the same in proper relation to said fulcrum-point during its movements, each pallet is provided with a longitudinally-extending slot at each end, as 64 and 65, the former slots being respectively engaged with a series of guide-pins 66, mounted in the casing member 52, while the latter slots 65 are similarly engaged with the downwardly projecting stud-like ends 67 of a series of pallet-springs 68, now to be described. Each pallet-spring conveniently consists of a spring-wire formed into a coil comprising several turns and seated within a suitable rectangular recess 69, formed in the pallet-supporting bar, the acting end 70 of the spring being arranged to extend above the pallet and resting in engagement with the pallet at a point approximately midway of its length. The opposite end, which forms the stud 67, is extended downwardly through the pallet and into a subjacent bar 76, thereby holding the spring firmly in operative relation to the pallet, the inter- IIO mediate part of this downwardly-projecting portion forming the stud 67, which serves to guide the engaging end of the pallet, as hereinbefore described. In order to facilitate the construction of the recesses 69, that part of the pallet-supporting bar containing said recesses and within which the coiled portions of the springs extend is formed as a removable filling-strip 71, as clearly indicated in Fig. 12. Each pallet is provided upon its upper or back side midway of its length with an'arch-shaped block 72, with which is engaged the actuating-rod 73, which lifts the pallet. As a cheap and simple construction the pallet-body is grooved longitudinally throughout its length and the ends of said arch-shaped block arranged to fit within said grooves and glued or otherwise secured therein. The pallet is also provided with a third groove 74, arranged to extend centrally between the sides of said block for the purpose of receiving and hold the engaging end 70 of the pallet-spring. In this connection it is to be particularly noted that the point at which the pallet-spring bears upon the pallet is more remote from the fulcrum-point of the pallet than the point of engagement of the actuating-rod 73 with the pallet, so that when the pallet is lifted by said rod the tendency of the fulcrum end of the pallet is to remain in bearing with its fulcrum. The engagement of the end of the slot with the stud 67 prevents endwise movement of the pallet, notwithstanding the draft of the actuating-rod is in a direction that Would tend to shift the pallet endwise toward the pallet-supporting bar. The under face of each pallet is provided with the usual chamois or other suitable sealing-strip 75. As a further feature of improvement I provide means for conveniently locking each of the pallets in open or fully-retracted position, so that the reed-cells may be inspected or the reeds withdrawn, if desirable. To this end I provide a transversely-extending bar 76, which is interposed between the pallet-supporting bar 57 and the inner wall 53 of one series of reed-cells, which bar 76 is provided with a rabbet 77, which forms, in conjunction with the proximate side of the pallet-bar, a groove adapted to receive the fulcrum end of the pallet when the latter has been oscillated up into a position at right angles to its normal closed position. By oscillating the pallet into the latter position the guide-stud 67 is carried out of its slot, so that the pallet may be moved endwise downwardly into engagement with the lower end of said groove, in which position it will be held by the form of the groove against the tendency of the pallet-spring acting to close the same.

Describing now the key mechanism, whereby the pallets are actuated, 78 designates as a W hole a key-plate which is suitably secured at each end and arranged to extend underneath and the full length of the bank of keys,

designated as a whole 79. Said key-plate is provided at its rear margin with an upstanding flange member 80. having an overhanging or ledge portion 81, with which is engaged the lower arm 82 of the bifurcated end of each key 83. The forked end of each key is also slotted vertically a short distance inwardly from its end and a series of guidepins 84c is mounted in the key-plate and arranged to project upwardly to receive the said slotted ends of the keys, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. A second series of guide-pins 85 is mounted in the opposite or front edge of the key-plate, which pins are severally engaged with corresponding slots 86, formed in the under surfaces of the keys, the slots 86 in the keys which engage the pins 85 being so formed as to prevent endwise movement of the key in a direction to release it from engagement with the ledge 81. The depth of these slots is sufficient to permit the necessary oscillation of the key in playing.

Describing now the means by which movement of the key is transmitted to the corresponding pallet, the key-plate 78 is longitudinally slotted centrally throughout the full length of the bank of keys, as indicated at 87, and through this slot are arranged to project the front ends of a series of levers 88, each of which is pivoted at a point between its ends upon a transverse pivot stud or bar89. The pivotal supports 89, which carry the several levers, are mounted in axial alinement with each other in a supporting-block 90, which is conveniently interposed between the lower side of the key-plate 78 and the upper edge of the sounding-board 15, said supporting-block being mortised at regular intervals throughout its length to receive the several levers. A minor feature of improvement consists in forming the pivot-apertures of the levers in the form of open slots 88, so that when the key-plate is removed any one or more of the levers may be removed without disturbing the rest by simply lifting it out of its mortise. The rear end of each lever is operatively connected with the corresponding pallet by means of the actuating-rod 73, hereinbefore mentioned, and the peculiar construction of these rods is a feature of some importance. 1nasmuch as the position of the key is made to depend upon the position of the lever, it is important that the actuating-rod be fitted to the exact length intervening between the end of the lever and the pallet with which it is engaged, and to this end I provide the actuatingrod at a point intermediate its length with a kink or bend 73, which may be conveniently closed or opened slightly to vary the length of the actuating-rod without disengaging the latter from the connected parts. It is further important that these actuating-rods be so c011- structed that they may be instantly disengaged when it is so desired, and to this end 1 provide each rod with .an open loop K3, the free end of which terminates in a pin-like portion 93, which extends substantially parallel with the main body of the rod and engages a suitable aperture formed through the end of the lever at a distance inwardly from its extreme end slightly less than the transverse width of the loop 73. The engagement of the actuating end of the rod with the stirrup-block of the pallet is by means of an eye formed at right angles to the loop 73", so that said loop is normally held in alinement with the lever and in proper engagement of the latter; but in case it be desired to disengage said parts the loop 73 may be twisted around through an angle of ninety degrees, in which position the lower side of the loop is carried out of engagement with the under side of thelever and the pin portion of the rod may be disengaged from the lever. Owing to the resilient character of the wire of which the rods are made, this is perfectly feasible without permanently distorting the rod, and the assembling of the parts is obviously the reversal of this operation.

Next describing the coupler mechanism, which mechanism is operable through the medium of the several levers, 94 designates a coupler-lever support taking the form in the present instance of a flat board-like bar arranged to extend transversely and horizontally beneath the key-plate and pivotally attached at its rear edge to a fixed supporting-bar 95,the pivotal connection being at the u pper rearedge of the lever-support, as indicated at 96. The normal position of said lever-support is inclined forwardly and downwardly, as shown in Fig. 3, and at its front edge itis provided with a flange-like upward extension 97, which carries a plurality of horizontally-extending rollers 98, (see Fig. 7,) mounted upon suitable pins or studs and engaging an endwise-reciprocatory cam-bar 99, whereby the lever-support is normally held in the position shown in Fig. 3. Each of the coupler-levers 100 constitutes, in effect, a rock-bar provided at each end with a crank portion, as 101 102, (see detail Figs. 7 and 9,) said levers being mounted to oscillate in suitable eye-like supports or bearings 103 upon the support 9-1, and the distance between the two crank portions being equal to the distance between octaves. The rearmost end of each rock-lever is arranged to project within a groove or recess 104, formed in the corresponding lever in alinement therewith, while the opposite cranked end underlies a plungerlike stud or projection 105, mounted upon the under side of the key one octave removed from the lever with which the opposite crank is engaged. The length ofthe stud 105 is such that in the normal position of the couplersupport the keys may be depressed without bringing them into engagement with the coupler-levers; but when the coupler-support 94 is tilted up into approximately horizontal position in a manner hereinafter to be explained i the depression of a key brings the projection 105 into bearing with the subjacent couplerlever and oscillates the latter downwardly, thereby oscillating the octave-lever with which its opposite end is engaged, and thus opening the pallet connected with that lever in addition to the pallet actuated by the lever directly engaged by the key.

Describing now the mechanism whereby the cam-bar 99 is supported and reciprocated, 106 designates a transverse frame-bar extending the full length of the organ movement, and upon this bar are mounted a plurality of studs 107, which underlie the cam-bar 99 and support the latter, the projecting ends of said studs being upturned, so as to likewise hold the bar against lateral movement. In order to reduce the friction between the cam-bar and the supporting-studs, the latter are desirably provided with antifriction-rollers 98, journaled thereon, upon which the cam-bar directly rests.

Referring to Figs. 7 and 9, the upper edge of the cam-bar is recessed, as indicated at 108, and provided with inclined shoulders 109, the rollers 98 being arranged to rest within the recesses 108 in the normal position of the cambar and being adapted to ride up the inclined shoulders 109 and rest upon the upper edge of the bar when the latter is reciprocated to lift the coupler-support. The recesses 108 are elongated, so that the cam-bar is capable of movement a substantial distance before the rollers 98 engage the inclined surfaces and begin to lift the coupler-support, this initial endwise movement of the cam-bar being utilized for operating the stop mechanism, which controls one or more sets of reeds to bring the latter into operation before the coupler mechanism is operated. The cam-bar is normally held in retracted position by means of a coiled spring 110, (best shown in Fig. 9,) connected with one end thereof and attached at its opposite end to the inner face of the front casing, as indicated clearly in said Fig. 9. In order to actuate the cam-bar against the tension of the spring, said bar is conveniently provided at its forward end with a downturned hook projection (see Fig. 10) 111, which is operatively engaged by an oscillatory lever 112, which is pivoted, as indicated at 113, to the front casing and is actuated through the medium of a link 11 1, connected with a pendulumlever 115, which is pivoted at its upper end to the inner side of the casing, as indicated at 116, and is provided at its lower end with a rightangle extension 117, which projects forwardly out through an opening 115, formed in the front casing. The right-angle extension 117 constitutes a knee-lever, the outer end of which is adapted for engagement by the knee of the operator to oscillate the lever outwardly, and thus actuate the mechanism hereinbefore described. As a further improvement in detail of construction of the knee-lever the latter is provided with a knuckle-joint 117, arranged trolling their position as follows: 125 desigcoincident with the outer plane of the casing nates a rock-bar mounted 111 suitable bearings through which the lever projects,said kn uckleomt having lts axis arranged vertically and i being so arranged as to permit the outer end of the lever to fold inwardly against the front face of the organ-casing when it is desired to place the latter in collapsed position for transportation. The construction of the knucklejoint 117' is such that the knee-lever is rigid against flexure outwardly beyond a position at right angles to the face of the casing, so that outward pressure applied to the lever serves to oscillate the latter upon its pivotal axis 116. The same lever 1.12 which actuates the cambar is also made the means of actuating the reed-controlling mechanism, which for convenience of description may be referred to as the stop mechanism,although not controlled by stops, as is usually the case. To this end a rock-bar118, provided at each end with crank portions, as 118' 118, is mounted in suitable bearin upon the end casing of the organ to extend transversely from front to rear thereof, the front end crank 118 being in position to be engaged and actuated by the lever 112. The opposite end crank portion 118 constitutes, in effect, one member of a toggle mechanism the cooperating member or link 120 of which is operatively connected therewith through the medium of a wrist-block 121 and extends downwardly in rear of sounding-board 15 to and engages the cranked end 122 of a rock-bar 123. The arrangement of the toggle mechanism is such that the members 118 and 120 thereof normally stand in flexed relation to each other; but when the rock-bar 118 is oscillated the toggle is straightened and the crank 122 thereby thrust downwardly to oscillate the rock-bar 123 within its bearings. As best shown in Fig. 5, the rock-bar 123 is provided at its end opposite the end engaged by the toggle member 120 with a second crank portion 12t, which extends inwardly through the proximate wall of the wind-chest and operatively engages the mute-valve 39, arranged in the central compartment thereof in such manner as to lift said valve when the toggle mechanism is straightened and the rock-bar 123 thereby oscillated. It will be seen, therefore, that the first movement of the knee-lever115 operates to open the mute-valve 39 and throw into operation the set of reeds controlled therebynamely, the fiute-reeds. while a further movement of the knee-lever operates to lift the coupler-lever support and bring the couplers into position to operate.

As hereinbefore described, the mute-valves 38 and 40, which control the set of melodiareeds, are normally held open, so that whenever a key is depressed the lIlGlOtllt-IGQClS respond. In order that these reeds may be silenced, however, when it is so desiredas, for example, when tuning the other reeds of the 1nstrumentmeans are provlded for conto extend along the lower side of the windchest exteriorly of the latter and provided at each end with crank projections, as 126 and 127, which extend inwardly through the side wall of the wind-chest and engage the valves 38 and s0, respectively. Adjacentto one end said rock-bar 125 is provided with an intermediate crank portion 128, and a shorter rockbar 129 is mounted approximately in alinement with the rock-bar 125 and is similarly provided at each end with a crank portion, as 130 131. The crank portion 131 is arranged to engage the intermediate crank portion 128 of the rod or bar 125, so as to oscillate the latter with the former. Against the end wall of the wind-chest is pivotally mounted a lever 132, one end of which is made inclined, as indicated at 133, to form a cam arranged in position to act upon the cranked end 130 of the rock-bar 129. Normally the lever 132 is secured in such position as to hold the mutevalves 38 and 4c in open position against the tension of their springs 38' and 10, tending to close said valves, said lever being conveniently held in this position by means of a screw inserted through said lever and into a subjacent part, as indicated at 134. \Vhen the lever is released, the tension of the springs 38' and 4:0 operates to close the valves downwardly.

To next describe the swell mechanism, 135 designates as a whole a pendulum knee-lever arranged and constructed substantially like the knee-lever 115, hereinbefore described. 136 designates a bell-crank lever pivotally mounted to the inside of the front casing of the organ, near the right-hand end thereof, and operatively connected with the pendulumlever 135 by means of the link 137. The opposite end of said bell-crank lever operatively engages a lever 138, pivotally mounted between its ends to the inside of the end casing of the organ, and with the rear end of this lever 138 is connected a push-bar 139, which is guided to reciprocate in an approximately vertical direction and the upper end of which engages the under surface of the top swellboard 140, which forms a part of the top wall of the organ-casing. The swell-board 140, as best indicated in Fig. 3, is pivoted at its rear edge, so as to lift up cover fashion. 1&1 designates a second swell-board, which forms a part of the rear side wall of the organ-casing located directly opposite the mouths of the reed-cells, as shown clearly in Fig. 3, said swell-board being hinged at its upper edge and free to swing outwardly, as indicated in Fig. 10. In order to operate this swell-board simultaneously with the movement of the upper swell-board, a link 1 12 is pivotally connected with the inner surfaceof the board and arranged to extend obliquely downwardly and inwardly to and engaged with the push- IIO bar 139 in such manner that as the latter is thrust upwardly the swell is forced or swung outwardly in a manner clearly indicated in the drawings.

As hereinbefore stated, the top casing of the organ is so mounted as to be capable of lifting up into position to form a book rack or support when the organ is open. Describing now the mechanism or supports upon which said shiftable portion of the top casing is mounted, 143 designates arms arranged one at each end of the top casing and rigidly connected with the latter, so as to extend from the rear edge of the swinging section 144 rearwardly between the end of the top casing and the rigid end wall of the latter to points adjacent to the rear wall of the casing, at which points said arms are provided with right-angled outwardly-projecting wrists or studs 145, which engage horizontally-extending ways 146, formed in the inner face of the end walls. 147 designates a pair of links or pivotal supports arranged one at each end of the top casing, each being pivotally connected with the rear edge portion of the swinging section 144, as indicated at 148, and its opposite end likewise pivotally connected or hinged to the back casing of the organ, as indicated at 149, this pair of arms 145 forming the pivotal support upon which the swinging section 144 swings upwardly. The ways or slots 146, with which the arms 143 are engaged, are of such length that when the swinging section has been lifted up on the arms 147 to a suificient extent the forward edge of the swinging section may be tilted over rearwardly, thereby sliding the engaged ends of the rigid arms forwardly along the slots 146 until the swinging section has been carried into a rearwardly and upwardly inclined position suitable to act as a book or music support and the rigid arms connected therewith brought into a correspondingly-inclined position. In this latter position the wrists or studs 145 of said arms engage the ends of the slots 146 and hold the section securely in position. 150 designates a cross-strip secured to the under side of the fixed section 151 of the organ-top and arranged to project forwardly beyond the front edge of fixed section, as indicated at 152, the upper side of this projecting portion 152 being hollowed to receive the lower edge of the book or sheet of music when resting against the inclined swinging section.

The operation of the organ constructed as described has been clearly indicated in connection with the foregoing description, but may be briefly summarized as follows: In their normal positions the mute-valves 38 and 40 are held open and the mute-valve 39 closed. The pedals being operated in the usual manner, the feeder-bellows create an exhaust action or vacuum-pressure in the main or equalizing chamber 16 of the bellows, which when any one of the keys is depressed to open a corresponding pallet sounds those reeds through which a draft is created. Obviously so long as the flute-reed mute-valve 39 is closed no draft will be caused through the flute-reeds and the melodia-reeds alone will sound, althoughtheiiute-reedcellsbeopened. Thefiutereeds are brought into operation by shifting the kneelever to open the mutevalve 39, whereupon both sets of reeds controlled by the pallets will be operated. A further shifting of the same knee-lever brings into operation the coupler in the manner hereinbefore fully described, while a shifting of the opposite knee-lever serves to control the free escape of the sound from the organ-casing by controlling the openings of the two swellboards. It will be seen, therefore, that all of the variations of tone and volume are controlled by the two knee-levers, leaving the operators hands entirely free for manipulating the keys.

The peculiar construction and arrangement of the mechanism by which I make the immovable member of the bellows one of the outer walls of the same and employ it as a sounding-board and support upon which the reed-cells and pallet mechanism are directly mounted is deemed to be a feature of great importance, inasmuch as it not only greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of construction and facilitates the convenience of access, but also forms an instrument of great power and Volume of tone. It also renders the construction more compact, and this becomes a feature of especial importance when the organ takes the form of a portable device of the character herein described.

The peculiar construction and arrangement of the pallet mechanism renders the organ of extremely-light key action and nevertheless exceedingly quick in response, and the fact that the pallets are opened directly away from the mouths of the reed-cells and to an unusually-wide extent when the keys are depressed also contributes both to a quick response of the reeds and to a free flow of the air through the reeds with a minimum amount of friction, thereby producing a large volume of tone with the minimum expenditure of power. Inasmuch as the pallets are entirely free to adjust themselves to the mouths of the cells, being unconfined at both ends so far as adjustment to the mouths of the cells is concerned, accurate closing is insured, and this accuracy of closing is not impaired by long continued use. That feature of the construction which enables the pallets to be locked in open position without disengaging any of the parts is obviously afeature of great convenience and greatly facilitates the proper care of the instrument, and inasmuch as the lower swell-board is located directly opposite the pallets it is only necessary to open this cloi sure in order to inspect or withdraw any of the reeds. Furthermore, owing to the peculiar mounting of the pallet-springs it is possible to remove any one of the pallets from its engagement with the spring and guidepins, and it is also entirely feasible to remove any of the springs from their seats either for the purpose of replacing or reshaping the same. In order to remove the spring from its seat, it is only necessary to force the coiled portion thereof outwardly until it passes from beneath the overhanging ledge, whereupon it may be lifted out of its socket, and it may be replaced by a reverse movement. Owing to the distance intervening between the upper edge of the coil and the lower end of the guide-pin portion of the spring which engages with the spring-socket, the spring may be disengaged and replaced without permanently distorting it. The facility with which the several jacks may be removed and replaced has heretofore been pointed out and need not be repeated.

It will be seen from the foregoing that an instrument embodying my invention is simple and extremely economical of construction, while at the same time it is characterized by great durability and convenience in use and care. It will also be understood that the details of the invention may be modified without departing from the spirit thereof and particularly so as to the general construction and arrangement of the organ-bellows and the relative arrangement of the reedcells, reeds, and pallet mechanism. I do not, therefore, limit myself to the details of construction shown except to the extent that the same are made the subject of specific claims.

I claim as my invention- 1. In an organ-movement, the combination of a sounding-board within and extending from end to end of the outer casing and forming the stationary wall of the bellows, a plurality of reed-cells mounted directly upon one side of said sounding-board, a wind-chest mounted upon the same side of said sounding-board and communicating directly with the bellows and with said reed-cells, a bellows mechanism upon the opposite side of said board and an air-passage through said sounding-board affording communication into said wind-chest.

2. In an organ-movement, the combination of a sounding-board arranged to extend from end to end of the movement-frame, a plurality of sets of reed-cells mounted directly upon one side of said sounding-board and arranged in superposed relation to each other, a windchest likewise mounted upon said soundingboard and directly communicating with said reed-cells, said wind-chest being divided into a plurality of compartments arranged to communicate with the several series of cells, valvecontrolled passages extending from each compartment of the wind-chest through the sounding-board, a main bellows-chamber, of which said sounding-board forms one side, mounted upon the side of the sounding-board remote from the wiml-ehesl: and eom 'irising a fly member hinged to the sounding-board and constituting the movable wall of the main bellows-chamlmr, a pair of feeder-bellows mounted upon the movable member of said main bellows and valve-controlled passages leadii'ig into the respective feeder-bellows and from the latter into the main bellows-chamber.

3. An organpallet comprising a moldinglike strip having longitudinally-d isposed parallel grooves in its outersurface, a stirrup or yoke-shaped block engaged with said grooves and longitudinal guide-slots at different points in its length.

4. An organ-pallet comprising a strip of uniform cross-sectional construction througholu; its length provided in its outer surface with longitudinal parallel grooves, a stirrup or yoke-shaped block engaged with said grooves, a third groove arranged to extend between the arms of said yoke and longitudinally-disposed end slots.

5. In an organ-pallet mechanism, a pallet and means for movably supporting said pallet comprising a fixed supporting-bar having a.

ledge overhanging one end of said pallet and constitutinga fulcrum for the latter, a lifting device engaging the pallet between its ends and a spring acting upon the pallet at a point more remote-from the said fulcrum than the point of attacln'nent of the lifting device, whereby the tension of the spring tends to hold the pallet in bearing with the superposed fulcrum throughout the movement of the pallet.

6. In an organ-pallet mechanism, a pallet and means for movably supporting said pallet comprising a fixed supporting-bar having a ledge overhanging one end of said pallet and constituting a fulcrum for the latter, a lifting device engaging the pallet between its ends and a spring acting upon the pallet at a point more remote from the said fulcrum than the point of attachment of the lifting device, whereby the tension of the spring tends to hold the pallet in bearing with the superposed fulcrum throughout the movement of the pallet, the engaging surface of said ledge which constitutes the fulcrum being covered with cushioning material as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In combination with an organ pallet mounted to oscillate upon a pivotal axis, a spring mounted adjacent to the pallet having one of its parts bearing upon the pallet to force it to its seat and another part extending through the pallet to form a guide for the latter.

8. In combination with an organ-pallet having the form of an elongated strip, a supporting-bar mounted to extend transversely adjacent to one end of said pallet and provided with an overhanging ledge constituting a fulcrum upon which the pallet is adapted to oscillate, a coiled spring having its coiled portion mounted upon said supporting-bar and one end extending above and bearing upon the outer side of the pallet and its opposite end extending substantially at right angles to and through the pallet, the latter being provided with a slot engaged with the guide portion of the spring substantially as described.

9. In combination with a pallet, means for movably supporting said pallet and a recess formed in a relatively fixed support adjacent to one end of said pallet to receive the end of the pallet substantially as described.

10. In combination with a pallet having the form of an elongated strip, a fixed support overhanging one end of said pallet and constituting a support upon which the pallet is adapted to oscillate longitudinally, separated guide-pins arranged to maintain said pallet in, a definite plane of movement, aspring tending to normally force said pallet into closed position and a recess adjacent to the fulcrumed end of the pallet, to receive the end of the latter.

11. In combination with a pallet having the form of an elongated strip, a fixed support overhanging one end of said pallet and constituting a support upon which the pallet is adapted to oscillate longitudinally, separated guide-pins arranged to maintain said pallet in a definite plane of movement, a spring tending to normally force said pallet into closed position and a recess adjacent to the fulcrumed end of the pallet, to receive the end of the latter when in an upright position, said pallet being provided with longitudinally-extended slots with which said guide-pins are engaged constructed to permit a limited endwise shifting of the pallet when the latter is in fullyopen position to engage it with said recess.

12. In an organ-movement, the combination with a series of pallets of a supporting-bar therefor having a ledge constituting a fulcrumsupport overhanging the fulcrum ends of the pallets, a filling-strip beneath said ledge, a series of spring-retaining recesses, one for each pallet, formed in said ledge and filling-strip, and means to 'guide and direct the ends of the pallet, substantially as described.

13. In an organ-movement, a pallet-actuating rod provided with a loop at one end for engaging an operative part, said loop comprising a pin extending substantially parallel with the main body of the rod but ofi'set with relation thereto, a deflected portion forming the remainder of the loop and connecting said pin portion with the main body and an abrupt 'angle formed at the junction of said loop and main portion, for the purpose set forth.

14. In an organ-movement,the combination with a lever having an end of approximately rectangular construction, and provided with an aperture located at a distance from the side walls of the lever, of an actuating-rod provided at its end with a loop engaged with said lever, said loop comprising a pin portion arranged to extend substantially parallel with the main body of the rod but offset with relation thereto a distance less than the distance from the proximate end of the lever to the pin-aperture therein, a laterally-deflected portion forming the remainder of the loop arranged to normally extend in alinement with,

and to embrace, the end of the lever and pro vided with an abrupt angle formed at the junction of said loop with the main portion of the rod and an eye-loop formed at the opposite end of said actuating-rod and arranged to occupy a plane substantially at right angles to the plane of the lever-engaging loop.

15. In a reedorgan,the combination with an organ-movement provided with a reed mechanism permanently mounted within and adjacent to the back wall of the organ-casing, of a swell-board forming a part of such back casing located laterally opposite said reed mechanism and hinged at its upper edge and means for actuating said swell-board substantially as described.

16. In a reed-organ,the combination with an organ-movement provided with a reed mechanism permanently mounted within and adjacent to the back wall of the organ-casing, a swell-board forming a part of such back casing located laterally opposite said reed mechanism and hinged at its upper edge, a second swell-board forming a hinged part of the top casing of the organ and means for actuating both of said swell-boards simultaneously, comprising a vertically-disposed actuating-rod operatively engaging the top swell-board and connected with the side swell-board by means of a link, a lever mechanism for actuating said vertically-disposed rod and a knee-lever operatively connected with said lever mechanism substantially as described.

17 In an organ-movement,the combination with a lever having an end of approximately rectangular construction and provided with an aperture located at a distance from the end greater than its distance from the side walls of the lever, of an actuating-rod provided at its end with a loop engaged with said lever, said loop comprising a pin extending substantially parallel with the main body of the rod but offset with relation thereto, a deflected portion forming the remainder of the loop and connecting said pin with the main body and an abrupt angle formed at the junction of said lfoop and main portion, for the purpose set orth.

DANIEL SGHUSTEK.

WVitnesses:

ALBERT H. Gmvns, FREDERICK O. GooDwIN.

IIO 

